Procedures and Functions

A

• Abs -- returns the absolute value of a number
• AllocMem -- allocates a block of native memory and returns its address
• AppActivate -- activates an application window
• Array -- creates a Variant array from a comma-separated list of values, or destructures one when used on the left of an assignment
• Asc, AscB, AscW -- returns the character code of the first letter in a string
• Atn -- returns the arctangent of a number

B

• Beep -- sounds a tone through the computer’s speaker

C

• Calendar -- returns or sets the calendar type (Gregorian or Hijri)
• CallByDispId -- invokes a method or property on an object dynamically by IDispatch dispatch ID
• CallByName -- invokes a method or property on an object dynamically by name
• CBool -- coerces an expression to a Boolean
• CByte -- coerces an expression to a Byte
• CCur -- coerces an expression to a Currency
• CDate -- coerces an expression to a Date
• CDbl -- coerces an expression to a Double
• CDec -- coerces an expression to a Decimal
• ChDir -- changes the current directory or folder
• ChDrive -- changes the current drive
• CurDir -- returns the current path
• Choose -- returns one value from a list, selected by 1-based index
• Chr$, Chr, ChrB$, ChrB, ChrW$, ChrW -- returns the character associated with a given character code
• CInt -- coerces an expression to an Integer
• CLng -- coerces an expression to a Long
• CLngLng -- coerces an expression to a LongLong
• CLngPtr -- coerces an expression to a LongPtr
• Command$, Command -- returns the command-line arguments passed to the program
• CompilerVersion -- returns the twinBASIC compiler version number
• ConvertIconToBitmap -- converts an icon picture to a bitmap picture
• Cos -- returns the cosine of an angle
• CreateGUID -- generates a fresh GUID and returns it as a registry-formatted string
• CreateObject -- creates a new instance of a COM/Automation object
• CreateStdPictureFromHandle -- wraps a GDI bitmap or icon handle in an stdole.StdPicture
• CSng -- coerces an expression to a Single
• CStr -- coerces an expression to a String
• CType -- generic type conversion supporting the CType(Of type) cast operator
• CurrentComponentCLSID -- returns the Class ID (CLSID) of the current class
• CurrentComponentName -- returns the name of the current component (module or class)
• CurrentProcedureName -- returns the name of the procedure in which the function is called
• CurrentProjectName -- returns the name of the current project
• CurrentSourceFile -- returns the full path of the current source file
• CVar -- coerces an expression to a Variant
• CVDate -- coerces an expression to a Variant of subtype Date
• CVErr -- coerces a numeric expression to a Variant of subtype Error

D

• Date -- sets or returns the current system date
• DateAdd -- adds a time interval to a date
• DateDiff -- returns the number of time intervals between two dates
• DatePart -- returns a specified part of a given date
• DateSerial -- returns a date for a specified year, month, and day
• DateValue -- converts a string to a date
• Day -- returns the day of the month from a date value
• DDB -- returns the depreciation of an asset via the double-declining balance method
• DeleteSetting -- deletes a section or key setting from an application’s entry in the Windows registry
• Dir -- returns the name of a file, directory, folder, or volume label that matches a pattern
• DoEvents -- yields control to the message loop so pending events can be processed

E

• Emit -- injects custom Byte values into the codegen stream of the enclosing procedure
• EmitAny -- injects custom typed values into the codegen stream of the enclosing procedure
• Environ$, Environ -- returns the value of a process environment variable
• EOF -- returns whether the end of a file has been reached
• Erl -- returns the line number where the most recent run-time error occurred
• Err -- returns the ErrObject describing the current run-time error state
• Error$, Error -- returns the error message that corresponds to a given error number
• Eval -- compiles and evaluates a twinBASIC expression supplied as a string
• Exp -- returns e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to a power

F

• FileAttr -- returns the file mode for files opened with the Open statement
• FileCopy -- copies a file
• FileDateTime -- returns the date and time when a file was created or last modified
• FileLen -- returns the length of a file in bytes
• Filter -- filters a string array into a subset according to criteria
• Fix -- returns the integer portion of a number, truncating toward zero
• Format$, Format -- formats an expression according to instructions contained in a format expression
• FormatCurrency -- formats an expression as a currency value
• FormatDateTime -- formats an expression as a date or time
• FormatNumber -- formats an expression as a number
• FormatPercent -- formats an expression as a percentage
• FreeFile -- returns the next file number available for use by the Open statement
• FreeMem -- frees memory allocated with AllocMem
• FV -- returns the future value of an annuity based on periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate

G

• GetAllSettings -- returns every key/value pair in a section of an application's registry entry
• GetAttr -- returns the attributes of a file or directory
• GetMem1 -- reads one byte from a memory address into a Byte variable
• GetMem2 -- reads two bytes from a memory address into an Integer variable
• GetMem4 -- reads four bytes from a memory address into a Long variable
• GetMem8 -- reads eight bytes from a memory address into a Currency variable
• GetMemPtr -- reads a pointer-sized value from a memory address into a LongPtr variable
• GetObject -- returns a reference to an Automation object loaded from a file or already running
• GetSetting -- returns a string key setting value from an application’s entry in the Windows registry

H

• Hex$, Hex -- returns a string representing the hexadecimal value of a number
• Hour -- returns the hour of the day from a time value

I

• If -- evaluates an expression and returns one of two values, with short-circuit evaluation
• IIf -- evaluates an expression and returns one of two values; both branches are always evaluated
• IMEStatus -- returns the status of the Input Method Editor
• Input, Input$ -- reads a fixed number of characters from an open sequential file
• InputB, InputB$ -- reads a fixed number of bytes from an open sequential file
• InputBox -- prompts the user for a line of text and returns what was entered
• InStr$, InStrB, InStr -- returns the position of one string within another
• InStrRev -- returns the position of one string within another, searching from the end
• Int -- returns the integer portion of a number, rounding toward negative infinity
• IPmt -- returns the interest payment for a given period of an annuity
• IRR -- returns the internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows
• IsArray -- returns whether a variable is an array
• IsArrayInitialized -- returns whether an array has been dimensioned
• IsDate -- returns whether an expression can be evaluated as a date
• IsEmpty -- returns whether a Variant is uninitialised
• IsError -- returns whether an expression is an error subtype
• IsMissing -- returns whether an optional argument was supplied
• IsNull -- returns whether a variable contains a Null value
• IsNumeric -- returns whether an expression can be evaluated as a number
• IsObject -- returns whether a variable refers to an object

J

• Join -- concatenates a string array using a given delimiter

K

• Kill -- deletes files from a disk

L

• LBound -- returns the smallest valid subscript for a dimension of an array
• LCase$, LCase -- returns a string converted to lowercase
• Left$, Left, LeftB$, LeftB -- returns the leftmost characters from a string
• Len, LenB -- returns the length of a string, or the storage size of a variable
• Load -- loads an object (typically a form) into memory without showing it
• Loc -- returns the current read/write position within an open file
• LOF -- returns the size, in bytes, of an open file
• Log -- returns the natural (base e) logarithm of a number
• LTrim$, LTrim -- removes leading spaces from a string

M

• MacID -- on the Macintosh, converts a 4-character constant to a value usable by Dir, Kill, Shell, or AppActivate
• Mid$, Mid, MidB$, MidB -- returns a substring of a string
• Minute -- returns the minute of the hour from a time value
• MIRR -- returns the modified internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows
• MkDir -- creates a new directory or folder
• Month -- returns the month of the year from a date value
• MonthName -- returns the name of the specified month
• MsgBox -- displays a modal message dialog and returns the button the user clicked

N

• Name -- renames a disk file, directory, or folder
• NPer -- returns the number of periods for an annuity based on periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate
• NPV -- returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
• Now -- returns the current system date and time
• Nz -- replaces a Null value with a specified replacement value

O

• ObjPtr -- returns the COM-identity address of an object
• Oct$, Oct -- returns a string representing the octal value of a number

P

• Partition -- returns a string identifying the range a number falls into
• PictureToByteArray -- serialises an IPicture into a Byte array
• Pmt -- returns the payment for an annuity based on periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate
• PPmt -- returns the principal payment for a given period of an annuity
• ProcessorArchitecture -- returns the processor architecture of the running application
• PutMem1 -- writes one byte to a memory address
• PutMem2 -- writes two bytes to a memory address
• PutMem4 -- writes four bytes to a memory address
• PutMem8 -- writes eight bytes to a memory address
• PutMemPtr -- writes a pointer-sized value to a memory address
• PV -- returns the present value of an annuity based on periodic fixed payments and a fixed interest rate

Q

• QBColor -- returns the RGB colour value for a QuickBASIC colour index

R

• RaiseEventByName -- raises an event by name on an object, taking arguments as a Variant array
• RaiseEventByName2 -- raises an event by name on an object, taking a variable-length argument list
• Randomize -- initializes the random-number generator
• Rate -- returns the interest rate per period for an annuity
• Replace -- replaces a substring within a string with another substring
• Reset -- closes all disk files opened by using the Open statement
• RGB -- builds an RGB colour value from red, green, and blue components
• RGBA -- builds an RGBA colour value from red, green, blue, and alpha components
• RGBA_A -- returns the alpha component of an RGBA colour value
• RGB_B -- returns the blue component of an RGB colour value
• RGB_G -- returns the green component of an RGB colour value
• RGB_R -- returns the red component of an RGB colour value
• Right$, Right, RightB$, RightB -- returns the rightmost characters from a string
• RmDir -- removes an existing directory or folder
• Rnd -- returns a pseudo-random number in the range [0.0, 1.0)
• Round -- rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places
• RTrim$, RTrim -- removes trailing spaces from a string

S

• SavePicture -- saves a graphic from a Picture or Image to a file
• SaveSetting -- saves or creates an application entry in the application’s entry in the Windows registry
• Second -- returns the second of the minute from a time value
• Seek -- returns or sets the read/write position within an open file
• SendKeys -- sends keystrokes to the active window
• SetAttr -- sets attribute information for a file
• Sgn -- returns a value indicating the sign of a number
• Shell -- runs another program asynchronously and returns its task ID
• Sin -- returns the sine of an angle
• SLN -- returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for a single period
• Space$, Space -- returns a string of spaces
• Split -- splits a string into a string array
• Sqr -- returns the square root of a number
• Str$, Str -- returns the string representation of a number
• StrComp -- compares two strings
• StrConv -- converts a string to a specified format
• String$, String -- returns a string of repeating characters
• StrPtr -- returns the address of the underlying buffer of a String
• StrReverse -- reverses the order of characters in a string
• Switch -- returns the value paired with the first True condition in a list of (condition, value) pairs
• SYD -- returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

T

• Tan -- returns the tangent of an angle
• Time -- sets or returns the current system time
• Timer -- returns the number of seconds elapsed since midnight
• TimeSerial -- returns a time for a specific hour, minute, and second
• TimeValue -- converts a string to a time
• TranslateColor -- translates an OLE colour value to a plain RGB colour value
• Trim$, Trim -- removes leading and trailing spaces from a string
• TypeName -- returns the name of a variable's data type as a String

U

• UBound -- returns the largest valid subscript for a dimension of an array
• UCase$, UCase -- returns a string converted to uppercase
• Unload -- removes an object (typically a form) from memory

V

• Val -- parses a string into a Double
• ValDec -- parses a string into a Decimal
• VarPtr -- returns the address of a variable
• VarType -- returns the VbVarType enumeration value identifying a variable's subtype
• vbaCastObj -- returns an object reinterpreted as another COM interface
• vbaCopyBytes -- copies a block of bytes from one address to another
• vbaCopyBytesZero -- copies a block of bytes from one address to another, then zeros the source
• vbaObjAddref -- increments the COM reference count of an object at a given address
• vbaObjSet -- assigns an object pointer to an object variable, releasing any prior reference
• vbaObjSetAddref -- assigns an object pointer to an object variable, adding a reference and releasing any prior reference

W

• Weekday -- returns the day of the week from a date value
• WeekdayName -- returns the name of the specified day of the week
• Width -- sets the line width for a sequential output file

X

Y

• Year -- returns the year from a date value

Z